Labor Management Employee Participation

Question: Discuss about theLabor Management for Employee Participation. Answer: Introduction This study is based on the subject area of Labor Management. The primary focus is made on the labor management relations in respect to Singapore. The study analyzes mainly two areas the roles played by the key players of Singapore labor management relations and the competitive advantages that have been gained by Singapore through labor management relations. The labor management relations refer to the trade unionism, industrial disputes, employee participation, collective bargaining, grievance handling and discipline management and labor laws interpretation. In the words of Lim (2015), the labor relations are the rules and regulations that are used to organize and govern the employment. In Singapore, the labor management relations are established by the collaboration among Government of Singapore, Industrial and Employment Relations Department and International Labor Standards Department (Katz, Kochan Colvin, 2015). The collaboration among these three departments is known as Tripartism. The formation of labor management relations in Singapore was started in 1950s; however, at that time, the industrial relations or labor management relations in Singapore was much aggressive. The primary challenge that the Singapore Trade Union Congress or STUC faced in the initial stage was weak economic situation and the scarcity of resources to attract and retain the foreign investment (Brage.bibsys.no, 2016). In the beginning of 1960s, the labor management relation in Singapore was still weak. However, after 1965, the National Trades Union Congress or NTUC in Singapore helped the government of the country to improve the traditional labor management relations (Tripartism.sg, 2016). In 1970s the formation of National Wages Council (NWC) boosted the labor movement in the country by reviewing the economic condition and emphasizing on the wage negotiations. NTUC helped the Singapore government in restructuring the economy. During this time, the labor movement became improved and the problem-solving approach taken by the government helped the country to strengthen the labor management relations (Stats.mom.gov.sg, 2016). The problem-solving approach taken by the Singapore government helped the country in industrialization and it brought benefits not only to the employers but also to the society and workers. However, in 1980s, the conflicting situation occurred in the labor management relations in Singapore due to the economic recession. NWC played a vital role in managing this conflicting situation and in 1985 NWC recommended the labor unions to accept the cuts in their CPF (Central Provident Fund) (Globalurbandevelopment.org, 2016). This also helped the country to recover the recession quickly. Analysis on Roles of Four Key players of Labor Management Relations In Singapore, there were four key players, who helped to improve the labor management relations in the country. These key players were Ministry of Manpower, Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF), National Wages Council (NWC) and the National Trade Unions Congress (De Dios, 2016). As stated in the above discussion, till early 1960s, the labor management relations in Singapore were much weak due to excessive unemployment, social unrest, political instability and frequent strikes. However, to improve the situation and develop the economy of the country, the government started to focus on the industrial relations or labor management relations (Lin, 2015). Role Played by Ministry of Manpower The Ministry of Manpower or MOM is the workforce governing body in Singapore, which formulates the policies for workforce management and for solving the workforce related issues. At the same time, the implementation of these policies is also the responsibility of Ministry of Manpower (Mom.gov.sg, 2016). In building better labor management relation and maintaining the same the role of MOM is very important. The primary aim of MOM is to create a workforce that can compete in the international market and secure the future of the countrys economy. Katz, Kochan and Colvin (2015) stated that the Ministry of Manpower in Singapore is responsible for maintaining the industrial peace. The traditional responsibility of MOM is to solve the industrial disputes by using the rules and regulations. At the time of improving the industrial relations or labor management relations in 1960s, MOM worked together with NTUC and SNEF and brought different strategies to improve the situation (Lim, 2015). Currently, MOM is working with the social partners in Singapore to provide more social facilities and solve the conflicting situations between the workforce and management. MOM has developed various innovative strategies like, work-life-balance and flexible wage rate to improve the human resources in the country. Role played by Singapore National Employers Federation The Singapore National Employers Federation was founded in the year of 1980, when the economy of Singapore was suffering from recession. The SNEF was originated by the amalgamation between National Employers Council and Singapore Employers Federation. Presently, 18% of the total workforce of Singapore is the members of SNEF (Stats.mom.gov.sg, 2016). The vision of SNEF is to maintain the industrial harmony in the country. The Singapore National Employers Federation helps to improve the working environment as well as working life of the employees. It has helped in improving labor management relations in Singapore by joining in Singapore Tripartism. The primary activities of Singapore National Employers Federation are as follows: Creating social awareness regarding different social and workforce related issues Sharing of various information related to the improvements of labor management relations and human resource developments through different meetings with the industry group and different seminars (sg, 2016). Singapore National Employers Federation provides training to improve the quality of the employees as well as management. It provides advisory guidance for improving the industrial relations or labor management relations (org, 2016). As a participant of Singapore tripartiate, Singapore National Employers Federation has helped to implement the workforce laws and policies properly. At the same time, SNEF has also helped in enhancing the competitiveness and the sustainability of the workforce in Singapore. Role Played by National Wage Council The National Wages Council was developed in the year 1972. De Dios (2016) mentioned that the labor movement in 1970s was boosted by the introduction of National Wage Council. The National Wage Council has played a vital role during the recession in 1980s. The main contribution of National Wage Council is in negotiating during the conflicting situation in 1980s recession period (Singstat.gov.sg, 2016). The National Wage Council won the confidence of the employees by implementing the fair wages in Singapore and at the same time, it also won the confidence of the employers by implementing improved workforce governing policies. The fair wage rate set by National Wage Council was very helpful in improving the labor management relation in early days (Lim, 2015). Role Played by National Trade Unions Congress The National Trade Unions Congress was founded in the year of 1961. Currently, the National Trade Unions Congress has total affiliates trade unions of 60 and the total number of membership is 530000 (Brage.bibsys.no, 2016). National Trade Unions Congress played an effective role in developing a better labor management relation in the previous years. The major role played by the National Trade Unions Congress is in stabilizing the prices and the workers purchasing power. The National Trade Unions Congress set three organizations to improve the labor management relations in a better way. These three organizations are Employment and Employability Institute, Consumer Association of Singapore and Ong Teng Labor Leadership Institute (Globalurbandevelopment.org, 2016). It has provided several benefits to the members of the Union and the benefits include scholarships, insurance coverage, rebates, savings on products, discounts, grants and training subsidies. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be understood that the key players of labor management relations have helped to improve the industrial relation or labor management relations in Singapore to the high extent (Stats.mom.gov.sg, 2016). Each player has contributed to the labor management relations from different sides and helped in improving the economic condition in Singapore. Analysis on the Competitive Advantage to Singapore through LMR The labor management relations in Singapore have helped the country in achieving more competitive advantage in the international market. In order to improve the labor management relation, the Tripartism came in to existence (Katz, Kochan Colvin, 2015). The primary aim of Tripartism was to develop a strong labor management relationship in Singapore. Due to the introduction of Tripartism, the working conditions in Singapore were improved and the employment opportunities were increased. The Tripartism helped to improve the GDP growth rate of the country. For instance, the average GDP growth rate per year during 1960s was 6% per annum, which increased to 10% per annum after the introduction of Tripartism (Brage.bibsys.no, 2016). Due to the improved economic condition, the country was able to decrease its total production cost. For example, during 1970s, the production cost in Singapore was decreased by 33% (Brage.bibsys.no, 2016). As the tax incentive schemes were improved, the small business organizations enjoyed tax benefits. At the end of 1970s, the GDP of the company grew by 25% (Mom.gov.sg, 2016). In 1980s, the IT industry of the country was improved. Tripartism took special care of the training of the IT workers. The proportion of the skilled workers increased from 11% to 22% between 1979 to 1985 (Mas.gov.sg, 2016). The export sales of the country were increased by 10 times till 1990s (Singstat.gov.sg, 2016). The number of foreign business organizations was 400 during 1990s. In 1990s, the Singapore economy grew by 8%. From 1999 to 2004, the foreign reserves of the country increased from near about $76000 US million to near about $98000 US million. In 1990, the per capita GDP of the country was US $13000, which has been increased to US $56000 in 2015 (Mas.gov.sg, 2016). On the other side, the introduction of National Wages Council and the Flexible wage rate system, the labor management system of the country was improved. The National Wages Council implemented effective wage rate strategies that satisfied the workforce in Singapore. Proper regulations and governance of NWC helped to increase the wage rate in the country (Brage.bibsys.no, 2016). As per the statistics, the average monthly wage rate in Singapore in 1989 was 1302 SGD per month, which has increased to 5483 SGD in 2016 (Singstat.gov.sg, 2016). As per the statistics provided by MOM, the nominal gross monthly income of the employee in Singapore has increased by 5.5% from 2006 to 2015 and the real gross monthly wage rate increased by 2.6% during the same time span (Tripartism.sg, 2016). The flexible wage rate has helped the employers of the country to manage their business at the time of economic trouble. Due to the introduction of flexible wage rate, the employers in Singapore were able to r un their business by decreasing their contribution in the employees Central Provident Fund (Singstat.gov.sg, 2016). On the other side, the foreign investment inflow has also increased due to the improvement in the labor management relations. As per the statistics, in 1970, the percentage of foreign investment inflow was 16.85%, which increased to 31.63% in 1979 (Brage.bibsys.no, 2016). After that, the amount of foreign investment inflow increased at a high speed. According to the statistics, in the year 2010, the total foreign investment in Singapore in stocks was $625.8 billion, which increased to $761.6 billion in 2012 and $1024.6 billion in 2014 (Stats.mom.gov.sg). With the increase in the wage rate, the rate of labor strike in Singapore decreased from 1960s to the current financial year. During 1960s, the labor strike rate in Singapore was near about 60 days in a year, which has decreased to 10 days in year in 2016 (Globalurbandevelopment.org, 2016). Therefore, from the results of the analysis, it can be understood that the improved labor management relations have helped to develop the economic condition in Singapore. The improved industrial relations has also developed better infrastructure within the country, which ultimately helped in gaining the competitive advantage in the international market (Lin, 2015). The stable economy of the country has attracted the foreign investors, which helped the country to increase the employment opportunities. Hence, it can be said that the labor management relations is very essential for achieving better economic condition. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that the labor management relationship in Singapore has been developed during many years. The development started in 1960s, when the economic condition of the country was weak and the country did not has any improved infrastructure to attract the foreign investment. There were huge numbers of labor strike and the rate of unemployment was much high. However, the introduction of Tripartism helped the country to improve the situation. The situation of the country started to improve from 1970s. The study has also identified that there are four key players behind the improvement of labor management relations in Singapore. These four key players are - Ministry of Manpower, , National Wages Council (NWC), Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) and the National Trade Unions Congress. The country has gained several benefits from all of these four key participants. The infrastructure of the country has improved and the employer as well as employees both became satisfied with the new policies and regulations. On the other side, due to the improvements in the labor management relations, the country became able to gain some competitive advantage in the international market. The economic condition of the country is much improved as per the statistics. Per capital GDP of the country has been increased from US $13000 in 1990s to US $56000 in 2015. At the same time, the foreign investment inflow in the country has also increased at a high rate. Along with these improvements, the rate of labor strike has decreased from 1960s to 2016. Hence, on overall basis, it can be said that with the improvements in the labor management relations, the economic growth has taken place in Singapore. Reference List: Globalurbandevelopment.org. (2016). Globalurbandevelopment.org. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.globalurbandevelopment.org/ Mom.gov.sg. (2016). Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.mom.gov.sg/ Mas.gov.sg. (2016). Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Mas.gov.sg. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.mas.gov.sg/ Katz, H. C., Kochan, T. A., Colvin, A. J. (2015).Labor Relations in a Globalizing World. Cornell University Press. Lim, L. Y. (2015).Singapore's Economic Development: Retrospection and Reflections. World Scientific. De Dios, A. (2016). Packaging Talent: The Migrant Creative Labor Management of Overseas Filipino Musicians. InInternational Migration in Southeast Asia(pp. 181-209). Springer Singapore. Lin, C. J. (2015). The Reconstructing of Industrial Relations in Taiwans High Technology Industries.Journal of Contemporary Asia,45(2), 294-310. Singstat.gov.sg. (2016). Singstat.gov.sg. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.singstat.gov.sg/ Stats.mom.gov.sg. (2016). Stats.mom.gov.sg. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://stats.mom.gov.sg/ Tripartism.sg. (2016). Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.tripartism.sg Ilo.org. (2016). Ilo.org. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://www.ilo.org/ Brage.bibsys.no . (2016). Brage.bibsys.no. Retrieved 1 October 2016, from https://brage.bibsys.no

Boc Ohmeda free essay sample

Ohmeda’s current distribution system and sales organization is not well suited to implement Rountree’s new business strategy. The new corporate strategy calls for growth in high technology product lines and the current dealership channel is more suited to goods that require less education and information. In summary, the market trends combined with our changing corporate strategy will require Ohmeda to change the distribution channel and structure of the sales force. In the short run, this will require a transition period and an investment to reorganize Ohmeda’s sales force for long term growth. In the long run, we believe this consolidating market will be heavily specialist orientated. Due to these facts we recommend a dedicated sales force of specialists to address large accounts. The dealer network will be progressively scaled back to where their primary focus will be on the low technology markets where education is not important. Current Structure Sales people are given two weeks of training and few of the sales generalists have mastered the entire product line. We will write a custom essay sample on Boc Ohmeda or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This has led the salespeople to focus on the products that they did understand such as low technology, and the mature segments of the market. This is not the high technology segment of the market Ohmeda wants to focus on in the future. In fact, these are the areas where salespeople should not be spending much time due to the products being mature and generally understood by the marketplace. This is an extreme misalignment. Historically we had mixed products but limited focus on high technology due to misaligned incentives. There are certain facts which show the need to change Ohmeda’s current sales force strategy. The first revealing trend appears to be in the anesthesia equipment market where Ohmeda has been the market leader with a share of greater than 65% historically. However, recently a West German medical maker has capitalized on selling the story of their technology to medical specialists. This has resulted in them stealing market share from Ohmeda. Unfortunately this appears to be because we are relying upon our dealer network in this area too much. This company uses an exclusive dealer network that would be very knowledgeable about the product. In order to combat this and recapture market share, our salespeople will have to be extremely knowledgeable about the products. A second important indication of our inadequacy of our current structure was revealed in a study done by HCI. This study showed that Ohmeda reps were less effective selling into large accounts. Seemingly this would be an area where a â€Å"generalist† would have large cross selling opportunities. This does not appear to be occurring. Additionally, one would expect that this would be the hospitals where more decisions would be made by the medical specialists and larger hospitals would attract the most sophisticated specialist. Given the fact that we are trying to sell higher value and specialized equipment, a realistic conclusion would be that we should move towards a model of sales product specialist rather than generalist. In addition, Ohmeda will be launching new products that will be in the introductory phase of the product life cycle. These are respiratory ventilators and infant care. Educational needs will be higher arguing for a specialist sales force that is able to educate their customer. Market Trends The market trends appear to be shifting towards medical specialists controlling more decision making, especially in the market we are attempting to focus on. These individuals will be our primary customers. There are 5,789 hospitals in the US with a fairly large number of them in rural areas. In the past, this likely would have argued for the salesforce to be organized by geographical region to assure intensive coverage. However, the industry appears to be evolving due to consolidation. Ohmeda has 14 national accounts and sales to these customers have grown by 30% over the past 5 years. By re-organizing into a sales force defined by specialists, Ohmeda should be able to intensively cover these national accounts with knowledgeable sales reps. This is where the money is and the growth is. Their consolidation will in essence allow us to lessen the breadth of our dealer coverage and allow us to focus our sales effort in this high growth area. Restructuring Recommendation and Evaluation In the short term we calculate that the change to a specialist model will likely result in upfront costs in the form of training and hiring new reps. This will be a transition period that will ultimately lead to our long term vision: Ohmeda’s sales specialist selling to medical specialist in the high technology segment. We are not recommending that Ohmeda discontinue relationships with all dealers. We recommend that Ohmeda should keep some dealers to operate in the low technology suction market. This is a $24M market and we have a 60% market share. This $14. 3M in sales represents 15% of our 1985 medical equipment sales. We project this to grow 3. 27% per year. This market appears to be a cash cow segment where having dealer intensity is important. Over the past few years, a competing company focused on price has made some in-roads in this market and Ohmeda fears that terminating the dealers will harm this segment. Given that this is a price sensitive, low technology market we think the dealer network will be able to help fend off the competitor. History has proven this to be the case. To compare the efficiencies of the dealer network and Ohmeda’s sales force we looked at the relative efficiencies of the different mixes of the sales force. The current efficiency of the sales force was calculated at 310 $/hr. If they kept the dealer network in place but migrated to having all specialists in our sales force, the efficiency falls to 232 $/hr. If they eliminated all the dealers and then augmented their sales force to compensate for the loss of the dealers, the efficiency goes up to 379 $/hr. These efficiency figures demonstrate that eliminating the dealers while keeping the sales force as generalists makes commercial sense. With no dealers though, Ohmeda will need to hire thirty nine more sales representatives at a cost of $3. 4m per year. Offsetting this cost however is the savings of approximately $3. 6m that would be gained by eliminating the discounts paid to dealers (21% versus 6%). The scenario of eliminating the dealer network and then transitioning the sales force from generalist to specialist would require hiring 44 new personnel at a cost of $3. m. A more specialized sales force and lower number of dealers focused only on the low technology segment of the market will eliminate the current horizontal channel conflicts and the overlapping sales. These are additional assumptions we made in our calculations above and are sources of longer term value. We would like to finalize that utilizing the push strategy for the dealers that we currently propose will be benefic ial to Ohmeda. The pull strategy is appropriate to utilize with the direct sales strategy capitalizing on how we see the market in the future.

Sample Masters Application Essay

Sample Masters Application EssayA sample Masters application essay helps to guide and also instruct your essay writing. For a student, a mock essay may serve as a useful tool to learn how to write the type of essay that will be used by an admissions officer when selecting students. The selection of essays is an integral part of the selection process and hence a student should always keep this in mind when selecting and preparing the application essay for the Masters program.The first thing you must remember when drafting an application essay is to keep it concise and to-the-point. It is important that you do not end up writing a long and complex letter or essay. The decision of selecting a master's degree is a very important one and thus, it is necessary that you focus on the most important things in a letter or essay. If you really want to get into an MS program, then the first thing you must do is to prepare the letters and essays in such a way that they can easily get accepted by the admissions officers.In addition, while preparing the application essay, you should include all the important details about yourself, especially your academic achievements and educational background. This is because this is what will help you stand out from the other applicants and hence, your application will stand a good chance of being selected. It is essential that you select a sample Masters application essay that is different from the others and hence, have a lot of variations among the components of the essay. By doing so, you can ensure that your application will get the desired attention.A few other things that you should keep in mind while drafting an application essay are the title, the main points and conclusion. The title should be simple and to-the-point and the main point should be related to the topic of the essay. Finally, the conclusion should include a recommendation. These are the only elements that should be included in the application essay.While drafting th e application essay, the inclusion of a graphic is highly advisable. By including this graphic, you can incorporate your personality and sense of humor into the writing.When composing the summary paragraph, the student should include the date of the application, the writing sample, the reason why he or she is applying for the master's program and the submission date. One important element that should not be ignored is the deadline. The deadline is very important since it is this date that your application will be rejected if it is incomplete. The time required for the writing of a master's application essay is a time factor and hence, it is essential that the essay needs to be completed within this time frame.The sample application essay can serve as a teaching tool that will help you to compose an application essay that can be effective. It is important that you follow the sample and the outline provided in the application guide book. There is no need to be concerned about the leng th of the essay since it is up to you to include as much information as possible.Once you have written your application essay, you should submit it at the same time. The minimum time to prepare the application essay is six weeks. Keep in mind that your application letter is the final point in the admissions process.

Being Filipino Essay Example

Being Filipino Essay I guess most Filipino have a lot of pride. They are the ones that have screen names like pinoy this or pinay that. Let me explain what a pinoy is, it is a Filipino boy and a pinay is a Filipino girl. Filipinos be representing especially with the little flags in their car window like me. The type of cars that you would usually see those flags are in those little rice rockets called Hondas. Most of the younger generation that show the most pride dont really know their own culture. The younger generations of Filipinos seem to have all this pride in being Filipino which you should be proud to be but lose there culture. Most young Filipinos dont even know how to speak the language or cant even understand the language. If you ask me to talk in Filipino I wouldnt be able too. I bet if you ask a majority of Filipino teenager if they could speak Filipino they wouldnt be able to. The reason I believe why Filipino teenagers cant speak is because English and Tagalog (Filipino dialect) are the tw o main languages in the Philippines and when they immigrate here the main language is English so most parents would just speak to there children in English. So I guess partly that it isnt our fault being emersed in American culture and not knowing how to speak contribute to the loss of our culture. A lot of Filipinos now know that they are losing their culture and are doing something about it.Most colleges and university have a Filipino clubs, which set up performance, and talent show showing traditional folk dance and music.This is great for many youth to learn about Philippines culture.Every year the Filipino youth association holds a festival showing dance and different types of the Filipino culture to the younger generation.These things do attract the teenage audience and allows them to learn and have fun while there doing it. Filipinos came from the Philippines and came here to

Landing on Mars †Science Essay

Landing on Mars – Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Landing on Mars Science Essay When we are on Mars, we are going to research on how we can build a colony on Mars and how we can survive there. We are looking for ways on how we can provide ourselves with oxygen, food and water, and how we can dispose of our garbage without going to Earth and getting the supply’s we need. We need to know if the ground is stable enough to build structures on, we have to know the temperature, the soil, and the terrain. Mars is known as the Roman god of war or the Red planet. The surface on Mars is very rocky and has a lot of craters that are 18 kilometers in diameter and even larger. The surface of Mars is almost the same as the Earths surface except that the rocks on Mars look pink and red. Mars has dust storms that cover the entire planet. The particles in the dust suspend in the planet’s thin atmosphere and give the sky a pinkish orange glow. The surface on Mars is the closest planet surface to Earth. The atmosphere is very thin and is saturated with Carbon dioxide gas. There are also canyons and volcanoes, but they are not active, the soil is very rich in iron oxide, and also has ice caps just like the Earth containing frozen carbon dioxide. Surface temperature varies from –128 C (-199 F) during polar night to 27 C (80 F) at equator during midday. The volcanoes and canyons on Mars are the largest and deepest canyons in the solar system. The volcano that is on Mars is called Olympus Mons. Because of the tilt of the planets axis, it also has different seasons just like the Earth. The sun appears about half the size on Mars as it does on Earth. Data from the Mars Global indicates that Mars’s crust is about 80 kilometers thick in the southern hemisphere but only about 35 kilometers in the north hemisphere. The southern hemisphere of Mars is predominantly ancient cratered highlands somewhat similar to the Moon. Most of the northern hemisphere consists of plains which are much younger, lower in elevation and have a much more complex history. Mars has a low density compared to the other terrestrial planets indicates that it’s core contains a large amount of sulfur, iron, and iron sulfide. Sulfide is a mineral compo und formed through the binding of sulfur and metal. Mars has a very thin atmosphere composed mostly of the tiny amount of remaining carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%) and traces of oxygen (0.15%) and water (0.03%). In our solar system, Mars is in between Earth and Jupiter. It is the fourth planet from the sun and is about 227.7 million kilometers away from it. It is the last of the inner planets and is the seventh largest planet in orbit, diameter, and mass. Mars is 72 million miles away from the Earth and it would take 2 Â ½ months to get there by spaceship. Research Papers on Landing on Mars - Science EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export Quotas

Confrontation Of The Past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Confrontation Of The Past - Essay Example Elaine Risley is a middle-aged artist who goes back to the city of her childhood because she had to attend a show there.Morrie Schwartz is reunited with his former student Mitch who he recalls despite having not seen him for more than 16 years. The reunion gives Morrie Schwartz a chance to pass on his wisdom to the world through Mitch because he was in the final days of his life. Elaine Risley fled her childhood city because of the fact that she wanted to leave behind the painful memories that she had while growing up there. Much of the pain came from the fact her friends Cordelia, Carol, and grace results to humiliating her in the name of improving her. This leads to a period of depression. The friends would walk around pointing out at her weaknesses and failures, resulting in a state of very low self-esteem. As a result of the experience that Elaine had with Cordelia, she begins to doubt her abilities even when she was not supposed to. Despite the fact that Cordelia was just a part of her past, she could still have the memories of her criticism and mockery in her thought. In fact, she thought that by fleeing her home city she will be able to forget all the wrong things that had happened to her during her childhood(Atwood 67). This does not happen and she ignores every chance she has for going back to Toronto because of the fear that she would be remembered for the kind of life that she had while growing up. During the 16 years that Mitch and Morrie were separated many things change in the character of Mitch. He leaves behind the moral values which Morrie remembers him to uphold. Mitch is enticed by the popular culture is more drawn to individualism. Mitch does picture ever going back to the moral self he once used to be. Mitch does not have the kind of experience that he had with Morrie (Albom 72). The kind of people that he interacts with is just cold and does not give much attention to moral values, but to the gains that they get from everything they do.

Arms of mass Destruction and International Law Term Paper

Arms of mass Destruction and International Law - Term Paper Example Evidently, international law has a lasting association with the endeavors to manage weapons of mass destruction, which followed the development of prohibitions (treaty) on the employment of poisonous gases in war (Busch & Joyner, 2009). Three bodies on international law can be delineated as regulating WMD, namely: arms control treaties, international law guiding the use of force, and international humanitarian law. Historically, the most outstanding and direct utilization of international law in relation to WMD was via arms control treaties. This denotes international agreements fashioned to ban or limit the development, ownership, and employment of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons by states.The international law on the use of force addresses the threat or the application of force rather than the development of weapons. On the use of WMD, international law on the use of force establishes legal justifications for the alternative to force, rather than rules detailing the weapo ns states may utilize.   On the use of WMD, international humanitarian law outlines the kinds of weapons that can be employed in armed conflict such as outlawing the use of weapons that can render superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering.   Arms control treaties, on the other hand, specifically control the development of WMD and proscribe the utilization of chemical and biological weapons.   This body of international law mirrors the â€Å"arms control approach† to WMD detailing formal agreements among states to control the use and development of WMD.